Syllabus: |
Power systems stability - modelling of system components, Automatic Voltage Regulators (AVRs), governors, generators, turbines, motors, loads, exciters and stabilisers. Critical clearing time using equal area criterion, stability calculations using an interactive package, load shedding, steady state and transient stability, short-medium and long term dynamics study of system stability under network fault and disturbances. Effect of gains, damping and inertia on stability. Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) and Supervisory Control and Data Aquisition (SCADA). Design - introduction to PLCs, PLC programming languages, simple PLC controllers, introduction to SCADA, simple SCADA system design. Contract administration and contract types, supply only, turnkeycontracts, performance guaranteed, services and maintenance, contracts, periodic supply and services. Conditions of contracts, terms of payment and security money, quality assurances and retention conditions. Special contract conditions. Penalty for violation of contracts. Tender and pre-tender negotiations. Evaluation of tenders, variations, binding contracts, bids, tender evaluation and acceptance and legal aspects in contract, dispute handling, extension and future provisions. |